SPARQL#
SPARQL is a query language and a protocol for accessing RDF designed by the W3C RDF Data Access Working Group. As a query language, SPARQL is "data-oriented" in that it only queries the information held in the models; there is no inference in the query language itself.
Details about the SPARQL 1.1 Query Language can best be found on the W3C page.

This should be the goto page when needing to know more about the language and its constructs.